The Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868 is popularly thought of as a period of extreme national introversion, during which Japan closed itself off from the outside world in a feudal state for 250 years and stagnated economically. This is inaccurate. The period of shogun rule was one of sustained economic advance […]

Government debts have spiraled in the Covid-19 period and in many cases are the highest since World War II, while annual budget deficits show no sign of reducing. Meanwhile, the movement of the ultra-rich to tax havens and corporate juggling are sucking out tax capacity from the world’s fiscal systems. Global protectionism is increasing, reducing […]

The last week’s market turbulence may or may not persist and should not directly be blamed on Kamala Harris’ selection as Democrat candidate for the Presidency and her modest bounce in the polls. Instead, the focus should be on the last two decades’ economic policies, for which Harris, while not responsible, is generally an enthusiast. […]

Francis Fukuyama’s 1992 book “The End of History” propounded a Utopian vision in which the fall of Communism had left liberal democracy as the universal global ideology, ending conflict and producing an era of universal prosperity. Thirty years later, we can see the reality more clearly: the intellectual mainsprings of Communism never fell, “liberal democracy” […]